Title: ETH_Sem3 / Safety_Test_OACP2

Front: Phone number: Ambulance
Back: 0-144

Front: Phone number: Police
Back: 0-117

Front: Phone number: Fire Brigade
Back: 0-118

Front: Phone number: Tox Info Suisse
Back: 0-145

Front: Gathering point
Back: Outside HCI (HXE)

Front: Emergency desk
Back: 044 342 11 88 (mobile) 888 (internal phone)

Front: After accident
Back: immediately fill report sheet at health insurance company

Front: Safety goggles
Back: Wear when entering the lab

Front: Contamination of eyes
Back: Rinse with water for at least 10-15 minutes, inform emergency desk (two people method)

Front: Explosion risk
Back: Use protection shield, available from storage room in H190

Front: Labcoat
Back: Long pants, closed shoes, tied hair; always wear in the lab, not outside, don't wash in home washing machine

Front: Gloves
Back: Choose right type of gloves, don't wear outside lab

Front: Definition MAK
Back: Maximum concentration in the workplace (no harm if exposed to for 8 hours per day and 42 hours per week). Includes acute, chronic toxicity as well as annoying properties (itching, allergy, odor).

Front: Definition ADI
Back: Acceptable Daily Intake (amount of a substance that can be orally ingested on a daily basis over a lifetime without appreciable health risk), usually expressed in milligrams, measures chronic toxicity.

Front: Definition LD50
Back: Median lethal dose of a substance, dose required to kill half of the members of a tested population after a specified test duration, indicator of acute toxicity.

Front: Definition TLV
Back: Threshold limit values in ppm of substance in air at 25°C

Front: Definition pyrophoric materials
Back: Chemical that ignites instantly upon exposure to air and/or water -> work in inert atmosphere (eg. Schlenk line).

Front: What a fire requires
Back: Ignition source (heat, flame, spark, chemical reaction), combustible material (paper, organic solvent, metal), comburant (oxygen, peroxide, sulfur, nitrate, ...)

Front: Fire safety rules (pyrophoric materials)
Back: No other combustible material present under fume hood (remove tissue, organic solvent, wash bottle, chemicals); be prepared to handle a small fire (stop supply of comburant, i.e. often air, use sand or dry chemical fire extinguisher)

Front: If clothes catch fire
Back: Stop, drop, and roll, fire blankets for other people

Front: In case of spill of pyrophorics
Back: Do not use combustible material to clean up the spill (eg. paper towels)

Front: Two general rules when working with pyrophoric chemicals
Back: -No other combustibles in fume hood (tissue, organic solvent, wash bottle)
-Prepare to handle a small fire, know how to use and where to get a fire extinguisher, fire blanket & sand

Front: What to do when clothes catch fire
Back: "STOP, DROP & ROLL", cover the person with a fire blanket (Not in a tunnel)

Front: Safety when working with >10mL of pyrophoric solution
Back: Have dry sand present in the fume hood, dont use paper towels to clean up spills.

Front: Handling strong acid & bases (>1M)
Back: -handle under fume hood
-check compatability
-risk correlates with scale
-dispose as appropriate

Front: Handling strong acids
Back: -always acid to water
-dispose in the allocated strong acid waste
-transfer using funnel, always under fumehood

Front: What if you come in contact with a strong acid
Back: -if on glove: replace the pair immediately
-if on yourself: rinse with copious amounts of water

Front: Handling strong bases
Back: -Wear a second layer of thick black rubber gloves
-Handle with care & under fumehood
-use a funnel to transfer and dispose correctly

Front: What if you come in contact to a strong base
Back: -if in contact with gloves: replace them immediately
-if in contact with skin: rinse with large amounts of water

Front: Handling Oxidising Acids (HNO_3)
Back: -reacts with organic solvents & produces dark brown toxic fume
-Rinse glassware with water numerous times before

Front: Disposing HNO_3
Back: -Use the HNO_3 Container
-let the container stand in the fumehood for 20 mins with lid partly open after disposal

Front: What if you come in contact with HNO_3
Back: -if on glove: replace gloves
-if on skin: rinse thoroughly with large amounts of water

Front: Neutralizing small spills of strong acid & bases <10mL
Back: -Transfer with a pipette to an Erlenmeyer flask containing 1/10th of water and continue to quenching
-Treat remaining with excess of NaHCO_3
-Wet with minimum amount of water
-test pH, if between 2-13, wipe with a tissue and rinse with water multiple times

Front: Quenching strong acid and bases (Dilution & Neutralization)
Back: i) add base/acid to an Erlenmeyer flask filled with ice to 1/5th
iia) acids: neutralize using sodium carbonate, calcium hydroxide or NaOH
iib) bases: neutralize hydrochloric acid
iii) controll the final pH, should be from 5-9  for disposal as aqueous waste

Front: Aqua Regia General Information
Back: -is a mixture of HCl:HNO_3 (3:1 by volume)
-ussed to dissolve noble metals and stubborn dirt
-glassware needs to be prepared for washing
-if organic compounds are present, noxious brown fume evolves
-has a slight orange colour

Front: Handling aqua regia
Back: -clear your fumehood
-check that theres a nitric acid waste and fill out the experimental form
-rinse the glassware 3 times with water prior
-use minimum amount (risk proportional to scale)

Front: How to use aqua regia
Back: -slowly add nitric acid to stirring HCl
-if passing through a frit: place a clean beaker below, transfer dropwise, use ca 20mL for a large frit, leave overnight
-on the next day: decant remaining aqua regia, wash with water and amalgamate washings at least 3 times

Front: Disposal of aqua regia
Back: -nitric acid waste should be at least half full
-never screw the lid tight
-no organics should be around
-aqua regia cannot be stored indefinitely

Front: What to do when noxious fumes evolve
Back: -pull down hood completely
-large amounts should be allowed to subside
-quench with alumina and then ferrous sulfate (FeSO_4)

Front: Handling pressure tanks
Back: -in the lab always secured with a chain or strap
-use appropriate regulators and valves, close valves after use and flush them with N_2

Front: Handling cooling agents
Back: -dont come in contact
-leave solvents coming in contact with cooling agents always without a lid in case there is still gas stored in liquid
-work in well ventilated areas to prevent asphyxiation
-care for formation of liquid oxygen

Front: Liquid Oxygen
Back: -due to lower boiling point of O_2 in contrast to N_2 liquid oxygen can form
-extremely oxidising
-ensure system is leak free and under vacuum before cooling with N_2
-if liquid oxygen is detected call assistant, do not take trap out violently

Front: Fume hood and bench etiquette
Back: -doors of the lab should always be closed
-ventilation increases with the closed hood sash
-only completely open without chemicals to build initial set up
-long scripts on the glass to be avoided

Front: Fumehood rules
Back: -10cm of space from edge of fumehood
-do not put your head in the hood
-dont use it as a waste disposal machine, so don't let solvents evaporate
-dont place spark sources when flammable substances are around
-dont permanently store apparatus or chemicals inside the hood
-avoid storing burnable substances in the fumehood
-label everything

Front: Emergencies in the fume hood
Back: -if toxic gas evolves, press the NOT button, dont open the lid until the gas is gone
-in case of fire do not close the fume hood, as it increases the ventilation

Front: Waste disposal
Back: -never any chemicals into the sink
-gloves and paper towels into solid waste
-only fill up to 80%

Front: Chemical incompatibilities
Back: -look up beforehand in the table of the script or in the REACTIVITY & INCOMPATIBILITIES section of the SDS
-examples include:
strong acids & strong bases
oxidizing agents & burning materials
Metal hydrides & proton sources
Acetone & oxidizing agents

Front: Waste Disposal of glass and sharp items
Back: -collect glass of chemicals and glass of glassware seperately
-needles instantly after use into the personal needle container
collect pasteur pipettes in a small beaker and dispose together

Front: Glove choices
Back: - everything with nitriles
- acetone with latex
- Chloroform & Acetonitrile with Chloroprene
- for DCM, Toluene, Ethyl acetate & DMSO all gloves are shit :) dont spill

Front: Starting a Schlenk Line
Back: 1. Attach clean & dry solvent trap (sufficiently greased), secure with clip
2. All Stopcocks in closed position
3. Wait until pump has fully started up, place Dewar under trap and fill with N_2 (l) (fully submerged) put some cotton to protect from evacuation and check N_2 (l) level every 30 min.
4. When pressure around 0.001 mbar, open inert gas supply (if its the first start up, purge for 5-10 mins)
5. Monitor that N_2 (g) flow isnt too strong

Front: Ending a Schlenk Line
Back: 1. Ensure all Schlenk flasks are under inert gas and close all stopcocks
2. In a quick but calm matter do the following
a. Remove N_2 (l) dewar
b. Turn off vacuum pump
c. Slowly open a stopcock to release vacuum
3. Let solvent trap melt and dispose when @ RT. Rinse & dry trap before next use.

Front: Hazards operating Schlenk Line
Back: -Omitting N_2 (l) trap -> can damage pump
-Condensation of Oxygen if there is a leak (blue liquid forming) -> could explode, call assistant instantly
-Pressure build up in Schlenk -> check bubbler, can occur if heating  in closed system, reaction releases gas or something thaws
-implosion if glassware has cracks
-quench pyrophorics

Front: Attaching a new Schlenk Vessel
Back: 1. Connect flask to tubing, ensuring that theres a greased stopcock (SC) and a stopper
2. Open SC of flask and turn SC of Schlenk to vacuum
3. Heat walls of flask with heat gun for 3-5min, then cool down under vacuum
4. Turn Schlenk SC to Nitrogen until no N_2 (g) flows through bubbler anymore
5. Repeat Steps 2-4 twice

Front: Connecting Schlenk flask already inert
Back: 1. Connect Flask to Tubing with the stopcock (SC) of the flask closed
2. Turn Schlenk SC to vacuum for 30s to remove air in tubing
3. Turn Schlenk SC to N_2 (g) to fill tubing
4. Repeat 2 & 3 twice, afterwards you can open the flask SC

Front: Starting up Vacuum Pump
Back: 1. Check Oil level (should be clear or yellow)
2. Allow pump to warm up (10-15min) with inlet valve closed and outlet valve open

Front: Working with the vacuum pump
Back: 1. Always use a N_2 (l) cold trap when using the pump
2. Operate pump with open gas outlet

Front: Shutting down vacuum pump
Back: 1. Operate pump with closed inlet valve for 20min
2. Inspect Oil level and colour (should be clear or yellow

Front: When is Maintenance of the vacuum pump required?
Back: If solvent remains in oil or oil colour turns very dark (maintenance procedure on pg 36)

Front: Cleaning prodecure for glassware
Back: -Quench any dangerous remains
-Clean with technical solvent (EtOH, Ethyl acetate, acetone)
-clean with Water & soap
-Clean grease with paper towel and ethyl acetate

Front: Base Bath procedures Glassware
Back: -rinse with EtOH, iPrOH, Acetone or and H_2O
-remove grease with Ethyl Acetate
-Place in Base Bath (2-12h)
-rinse thrice with tap water
-place in acid bath (2-24h)
-rinse thrice with with tap water, twice with DI water and dry
-do not put frits & precision/measuring glassware in base bath

Front: How to clean frits of metal residues
Back: Aqua Regia (only when assistent allows)

Front: Procedure to use SPS
Back: 1. Open yellow cabinet
2. Turn middle and right valve upwards
3. Solvent flask should be dried for 3 ovens and evacuated on Schlenk line twice with vacuum and 5 min N_2 (g), leave under vacuum
4. Connect flask to SPS, turn to vacuum and open valve
5. Flush flask: 5s of N_2 (g) & 5min of vacuum thrice.
6. Solvent flow valve to minimum and then big valve to Solvent, increase flow with flow valve and decrease again when finished. (Never fill above 2/3rds)
7. Main Valve from Solvent to Nitrogen & close flask, then close main valve and afterwards the valves in the yellow cabinets

Front: SPS and Schlenk Flasks
Back: 1. Schlenk Flasks are dried 3h in the oven and when cooled down 2 Nitrogen/vacuum cycles on Schlenk line are performed, afterwards the flask should be filled with N_2 (g)
2. Connect to 3way valve to supply with nitrogen:
3. 3 Nitrogen vacuum cylces (Dot faces up for N_2 (g) and left for vacuum)
4. Remove flasks cap under flow of N_2 (g), connect to SPS, close sidearm, turn main valve to vacuum.
5. Thrice Nitrogen(5s)/Vacuum(5min) cycles
6. Set flow valve to minimum, open main valve to solvent, increase and later decrease flow and turn main valve to N_2 (g) (Never fill more than 2/3rds)
7. Open Schlenk to external N_2 (g) and close flask under positive pressure of N_2 (g), turn main valve to Close and close arm of the Schlenk
8. Close Lines in yellow cabinet

Front: Cannula Transfer of Solvent from SPS
Back: 1. Connect Solvent flask to Schlenk Line and perform Vac/N_2 (g) Cycles and finally fill flask with N_2 (g)
2. Receiving flask should also be connected to Schlenk Line, under positive Flow of N_2 (g) & fitted with septum
3. Pierce with cannula the septum of the arm of the solvent flask, dont immerge the cannula
4. Let N_2 (g) flow thorugh cannula, then pierce through septum of receiving flask and add venting needle to septum of receiving flask and close N_2 (g) valve of it
5. To start the transfer, dip cannula in solvent in solvent flask and stop it again by lifting the cannula out of it
6. Reopen Receiving flask N_2 (g) inlet, remove venting needle, remove cannula from receiving flask and then solvent flask, close solvent flask

Front: Safety regarding cooling agents
Back: - For filling press red button in case of emergency
- Orange Alarm: Interrupt filling and leave the room until alarm is off
- Red Alarm: Leave the room immediately and dont enter again
-Place the full dewar in the chemicals elevator and use a separate one

Front: Glovebox safety
Back: -wear cotton gloves & glove box lab coat inside the gloves
- Use Al-foil to prevent spills and to pack your thrash into
-Pay attention to O_2 and H_2O levels
- Inform assistant if gloves are punctured

Front: Using the antechamber (AC)
Back: -Make sure AC is not under vacuum and the inner door is closed
-everything in the antechamber must be sufficiently sealed (evacuated Schlenk flask with clamp & black tape)
- Glassware must be treated in the oven beforehand and put in the antechamber while still hot
- Close the glovebox door fingertightly

Front: Using the Solvent still
Back: - Heat system to reflux for 2-3h with tap between lower and upper vessel open
- To collect solvent close that tap again  wait until enough solvent is in the upper vessel, turn off the heat & leave to cool to RT
- Turn on pump and connect flask that the solvent should be transferred to, evacuate the line for 10min
- Close flask tap, maintaining the vacuum inside and then open tap on upper vessel to fill flask to desired amount (no more than 3/4 full) and close that tap again.
- Fill Schlenk tube & flask with N_2 (g), disconnect flask under flow of N_2 (g) and put on glass cap
- At the end of the day allow solvent to go back to lower vessel by opening the connecting tap
- For refilling, ensure sufficient flow of N_2 (g) and fill in solvent with a funnel via the opening. Allow to stir @ RT
-

Front: Quenching a still (Na, K, NaK / benzophenone)
Back: - Use a safety shield in an empty hood and work slowly
- Work under a steady flow of N_2 (g) with a large opening to vent created H_2 (g)
1. Distill solvent until only 100-200mL are left and refill to half with toluene
2. Add a reflux condenser & addition funnel filled with iPr and added dropwise. Stop if solution boils too vigorously
3. After the addition, the solution is heated to reflux overnight
4. If no solid is present, repeat 2-3 with Methanol
5. If theres no more bubbling after addition of methanol, add 1mL of H_2O, if theres no strong reaction, add 100mL of H_2O portion wise slowly
6. The final mixture can be disposed in the hazardous waste container

Front: Dangers of pyrophoric materials
Back: - Can incendiate themselves
- No other combustable materials should be in the fume hood (tissue, organic solvent)
- Be prepared to extinguish a fire either stopping the supply of comburant (eg with a fire blanket) or extinguishing it with a suitable fire extinguisher
- Be aware of the Stop, Drop & Roll technique
- When working with >10mL or >5g have an extinguisher at arms length

Front: Transfer of pyrophoric liquids: Preparation (Step 1-5)
Back: 1. Prepare everything you need, including glassware, the amount of chemicals, and emergency equipment. Be aware of the planned steps and safety for the process
2. Remove all combustibles (tissues, organic solvents etc.) and ensure that the fumehood is working properly
3. Connect a flask to the schlenk line containing the rinsing solvent (toluene if its not incompatible with the reagents) and equipped with a septum. Purge with N_2 (g)  and insert rinsing solvent with needle or cannula. Close flask tap
4. Connect an oven dried flask where the pyrophoric reagent will be transferred to, to the Schlenk line, purge with N_2 (g) and equip with a septum.
5. Bring reagent into the fume hood, secure it with a clamp over a crystillization dish and stick a needle (previously purged with N_2 (g) for 3 min) into the reagent, giving off N_2 (g)

Front: Transfer of pyrophoric liquids: <10mL (Step 6-12)
Back: 6. Take a fresh syringe with twice the volume that should be transferred and attach a new needle tightly to it
7. Purge the syringe with N_2 (g) by inserting the needle into the septum of the receiving flask (purged with N_2 (g)), fill it to half, pull it out of the septum and push the N_2 (g) out. Repeat 4 times.
8. To fill the syringe with pyrophoric liquid push it into the bottle, careful not to touch the liquid
9. Hold the needle-syringe connection constantly and turn the syringe tip so that it points upwards, fill it with 10% N_2 (g), push the needle into the liquid and slowly pull the desired amount in. Afterwards add another 20 % in N_2 (g) by pulling the needle out of the liquid. Dont pull the piston past 3/4 of the capacity.
10. Pull the needle out of the septum with the syringe tip pointing up at all timeand transfer the liquid slowly through the septum into the receiving flask. Keep ahold of the needle-syringe joint.
11. Pull in 50% N_2 (g), open the rinsing flask N_2 (g) line and insert a venting needle into its septum. Transfer the needle into the rinsing flask and rinse the syringe 5 times with it. (Dont fill the syringe over 3/4 full)
12. Discard the needle-syringe assembly into a crystallization dish, close the bottle of pyrophoric agent with thick films of parafilm and screw the lid on. Do not start your reaction prior to quenching the pyrophoric reagent.

Front: Transfer of pyrophoric liquids: >10mL (Step 6-11)
Back: 6. Insert one side of a oven dried cannula in the receiving flask, purge it with N_2 (g) for 3 mins and afterwards insert it in the pyrophoric liquid bottle without it touching the liquid
7. Insert a needle in the receiving flask & close the tap of the receiving flask N_2 (g). If you now dip the cannula in the liquid of the pyrophoric reagent bottle, the transfer starts.
8. To stop the transfer pull the cannula out of the liquid, open the tap of the receiving flask to start the flow of N_2 (g) again and pull the needle carefully and pointed away from you out of the pyrophoric liquid bottle.
9. Insert one canula tip into the rinsing bottle without touching the liquid and slowly pull the other tipout of the receiving flask. Direct the free end to a crystallization dish filled with dry ice and slowly dip the other end into the rinsing solvent.
10. Flush approximately 10mL of rinsing solvent, then disconnect it and place it into the crystallization dish.
11. Seal the pyrophoric reagent bottle with thick layers of parafilm and firmly screw the lid on. Do not start your reaction prior to quenching of the pyrophoric reagent.

Front: Quenching rinsing solvent
Back: 1. Add iPr under a N_2 (g) flow dropwise, until theres no more reaction visible
2. Add EtOH slowly until theres no more reaction visible
3. Add H_2O until theres no more reaction visible and dispose afterwards in solvent waste.
4. Rinse the glassware with H_2O thoroughly before using organic solvents to clean.

Front: Quenching syringes and cannulas
Back: 1. Let them stay in the crystallization dish for couple hours exposed to air.
2. Rinse them later with H_2O before disposing or cleaning with organic solvents

Front: Fumehood in Accidental situations
Back: -If harmful gas occurs, the fume hood should be closed completely and the "Not" button should be pressed. The fume hood should only be opened after one is certain there is no more gas evolution
-In case of fire inside the fume hood, under no circumstances close the fume hood. The increased ventilation enhances the fire